Research Paper: Blue HB-LED used with Plastic Optical Fiber TNT Sensor

Experimental study of plastic optical fiber TNT sensor based on evanescence absorption

Opt. Eng. 51, 054403 (May 17, 2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.51.5.054403

Research Paper - The concentration of TNT was detected by using evanescent absorption method, U-shaped plastic optical fiber was used as sensor head and light transmit element. A high brightness blue light-emitting diode (Blue HB-LED) with spectrum centered at 470 nm was used as excitation source.

See the entire Abstract (link):
http://spiedigitallibrary.org/oe/resource/1/opegar/v51/i5/p054403_s1?isAuthorized=no

Fenghong Chu

Shanghai University of Electric Power, School of Computer Science and Information Technology, #2103 Pingliang Road, Shanghai 200090, China

History

Received Jan 12, 2012
Accepted Mar 13, 2012
Revised Feb 28, 2012
Published online May 17, 2012

Digital Object Identifier

http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.51.5.054403

 

Citation

Fenghong Chu, "Experimental study of plastic optical fiber TNT sensor based on evanescence absorption", Opt. Eng. 51, 054403 (May 17, 2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.51.5.054403

Source:   Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers

Processors for DALI and DMX512

Low-cost, low-power 32-bit microcontrollers enable feature-rich commercial, architectural and entertainment lighting applications in wired networks

NXP Semiconductors N.V. (NASDAQ: NXPI) introduced the industry’s first development platforms for DALI and DMX512 wired lighting control systems based on the low-cost, low-power 32-bit ARM® Cortex™-M0 processor. The new evaluation systems feature an NXP LPC1100XL series microcontroller, which is uniquely suited to handle the communication requirements for intelligent lighting projects using DALI and DMX. In addition, the DMX512 system includes a master controller board with the LPC11U00, a highly flexible USB microcontroller, also based on the Cortex-M0.

Both the DALI and DMX512 systems can be connected to any of NXP’s lamp drivers using the PWM outputs of the Cortex-M0 processor. NXP will also offer an optional evaluation system to simplify RGB LED power stage design.

“By bringing Cortex-M0 to lighting control systems using DALI and DMX512, we’re making it straightforward for lighting designers to upgrade from 8-bit microcontrollers without increasing costs. The extra-low-power options available with the LPC1100 microcontroller also make it a compelling solution for DALI lighting systems, where total energy savings are a critical factor,” said Marco Scarazzati, product applications engineer, NXP Semiconductors. “For DMX networks, the LPC1100XL offers the resources and performance required to support more sophisticated architectural and stage lighting projects.”

Cortex-M0: A Simple Choice for DALI and DMX512

The first DALI and DMX512 evaluation systems available from NXP feature an LPC1114 microcontroller based on the Cortex-M0. The popular LPC1100XL series microcontroller offers a unique combination of features making it ideally suited for intelligent lighting projects using DALI, the Digital Addressable Lighting Interface, or DMX512.

• Performance. With performance up to 45 DMIPS, the 50-MHz LPC1100XL series offers the resources required for a single MCU to code and decode DALI and DMX messages and generate PWM signals, with enough bandwidth available for the end application.
• Low Power Consumption. With the introduction of the new extra-low-power LPC1100XL series, NXP provides the industry’s lowest 32-bit active power consumption at 110 uA/MHz, and standby power consumption below 2 uA.
• Storage of Scene Settings. Storing scene settings and other programs in non-volatile memory is straightforward, using EEPROM emulation in flash or by using integrated EEPROM, now available in the LPC11E00 series.
• PWM Signals for Color and Dimming. Offering up to four 16-bit and 32-bit timers, the LPC1100XL series can generate up to 11 PWM signals to control and dim the ballast.
• Reduced Development Time. Embedded lighting applications can be programmed in C, significantly reducing development complexity. A basic DALI driver is available from NXP. For DMX lighting networks, development time is further reduced through the NXP solution, which already implements basic functions and Remote Device Management (RDM) in a fully DMX512-compliant software stack.
• Reduced Bill of Materials. By offering many built-in peripherals to interface with lighting drivers and network interfaces in a tiny footprint, the LPC1100XL offers significant cost savings in the total BoM.

Low-Cost Options for USB Connectivity

The DMX512 evaluation system will include a master unit featuring the LPC11U14 microcontroller. Based on the ARM Cortex-M0, the LPC11U00 series delivers robust USB performance at a compelling price point; a highly flexible USB architecture with up to 10 configurable physical endpoints; and extensive power controls. Another option available from NXP is the LPC1300 series – the lowest power Cortex-M3 microcontroller available on the market and pin-to-pin compatible with the LPC11U00 – which includes USB Mass Storage and HID Class drivers stored in ROM.

Power Stage Featuring GreenChip Technology

As an additional option, NXP offers a small form factor, highly efficient RGB LED power stage with a low component count. The power stage meets the EMC requirements of commercial lighting applications and offers significant energy savings for both DALI and DMX wired lighting control systems. Key features include:

• High-efficiency LED dimming. LED dimming is implemented using the PWM input of the NXP UBA3070 DC-to-DC LED driver, which offers up to 98-percent efficiency.
• Mains isolation, high efficiency at all power levels, and simplified design. The SSL4101 provides mains isolation for both the RGB LED power stage and the DALI/DMX wires. In addition, it offers low component count and high efficiency through integrated PFC and flyback control functionality.
• Ultra-low standby power consumption. The GreenChip™ TEA1721 buck converter supplies the Cortex-M0 processor with high efficiency and offers significant power savings in standby, with no-load power consumption levels below 10 mW.

“As energy prices rise and green building regulations go into effect around the world, we expect strong growth in the use of DALI lighting control networks that enable businesses to save energy while enhancing comfort, convenience and productivity. In architectural and entertainment lighting, recent advances in LEDs have opened new opportunities for lighting control networks using DMX512,” said Jan Willem Vogel, senior director of marketing, Appliances, Energy and Automation segment, NXP Semiconductors. “Our latest DALI and DMX512 systems show how the power of 32-bit microcontrollers can deliver tremendous value by supporting the ever-increasing complexity of lighting network nodes – without adding cost. From wired lighting and control networks using DALI, DMX and KNX, to wireless solutions using JenNet-IP and ZigBee, NXP now offers a full range of energy-efficient options for intelligent lighting networks in homes, buildings and outdoor settings.”

Availability

The first DALI evaluation system (OM13026) is available immediately from NXP account managers and distributors. The DMX512 evaluation systems will be available later this month. Further information is available at http://www.nxp.com/applications/lighting/wired-lighting-networks/

Links

• VIDEO: NXP’s DMX512 and DALI systems on ARM Cortex-M0: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDwgyXcZb58
• NXP solutions for wired lighting networks using DALI: http://www.nxp.com/applications/lighting/wired-lighting-networks/dali.html
• NXP solutions for wired lighting networks using DMX512: http://www.nxp.com/applications/lighting/wired-lighting-networks/dmx.html
• VIDEO: DMX512 lighting control using ARM Cortex-M0 microcontrollers (LPC11U00, LPC1100XL): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZX3aAPyaKVg

About NXP Semiconductors

NXP Semiconductors N.V. (NASDAQ: NXPI) provides High Performance Mixed Signal and Standard Product solutions that leverage its leading RF, Analog, Power Management, Interface, Security and Digital Processing expertise. These innovations are used in a wide range of automotive, identification, wireless infrastructure, lighting, industrial, mobile, consumer and computing applications. A global semiconductor company with operations in more than 25 countries, NXP posted revenue of $4.2 billion in 2011. Additional information can be found by visiting www.nxp.com.

Bridgelux and Toshiba Achieve World Class Performance for 8″ GaN-On-Silicon LEDs

Toshiba Corporation Makes Equity Investment in Bridgelux-

Livermore, Calif. and TOKYO, JAPAN  May 10, 2012 – Bridgelux Inc., a leading developer and promoter of LED lighting technologies and solutions, and Toshiba Corporation, a world-leading semiconductor manufacturer, today announced that Bridgelux and Toshiba have achieved the industry’s top class 8” GaN on Silicon LED chip emitting 614mW, <3.1V@350mA with 1.1mm square chip, just months after they have engaged in a joint collaborative agreement this year. Bridgelux and Toshiba will further accelerate their development efforts for LED chips, which have seen increasing demand for LCD panels and lightening systems world wide.
Toshiba has also made an equity investment in Bridgelux with the intent to jointly pursue an innovative technology in the Solid State Lighting (SSL) space. This investment will further advance both companies’ efforts in the SSL industry, with the view to boost Bridgelux’s GaN-on-Silicon LED chip technology development efforts based on Toshiba’s advanced silicon process and manufacturing technology development efforts.
“Toshiba and Bridgelux have already been engaged in the development of the technology, and the equity investment brings both companies one step closer to a more strategic relationship and achieving our shared goal of driving down the cost of Solid State solutions for the general lighting market,” said Bill Watkins, Bridgelux Chief Executive Officer.
“We are pleased to achieve the best-reported 8” GaN-on-Silicon LED performance through our joint development activities with Bridgelux. We will continue to pursue more advanced development targeting commercialization of the technology ” said Makoto Hideshima, Executive Vice President of Semiconductor and Storage Products Company, Corporate Vice President of Toshiba.
About Bridgelux
Bridgelux is a leading developer and manufacturer of technologies and solutions transforming the $40 billion global lighting industry into a $100 billion market opportunity.  Based in Livermore, California, Bridgelux is a pioneer in solid-state lighting (SSL), expanding the market for light-emitting diode (LED) technologies by driving down the cost of LED lighting systems.  Bridgelux’s patented light source technology replaces traditional technologies (such as incandescent, halogen, fluorescent and high intensity discharge lighting) with integrated, solid-state lighting solutions that enable lamp and luminaire manufacturers to provide high performance and energy-efficient white light for the rapidly growing interior and exterior lighting markets, including street lights, commercial lighting and consumer applications.  With more than 600 patent applications filed or granted worldwide, Bridgelux is the only vertically integrated LED manufacturer and developer of solid-state light sources that designs its solutions specifically for the lighting industry.  For more information about the company, please visit www.bridgelux.com.
About Toshiba
Toshiba is a world leader and innovator in pioneering high technology, a diversified manufacturer and marketer of advanced electronic and electrical products spanning digital consumer products; electronic devices and components; power systems, including nuclear energy; industrial and social infrastructure systems; and home appliances.
Toshiba was founded in 1875, and today operates a global network of more than 490 companies, with 203,000 employees worldwide and annual sales surpassing 6.3 trillion yen (US$77 billion). Visit Toshiba’s web site at www.toshiba.co.jp/index.htm.

Dow Electronic Materials LED Portfolio to Include Specialty Phosphor Technology

Dow Electronic Materials, a business unit of The Dow Chemical Company (NYSE:DOW) announced its bolt-on acquisition of Lightscape Materials, Inc., a spin-off of SRI International. Lightscape Materials is a private, US-based research company with intellectual property in specialty phosphor technology. Major Lightscape Materials’ investors included Wisepower, a Korean company, and Silicon-Valley based SRI International. The investment enables Dow to add phosphor technology to the Company’s existing LED technologies portfolio.

“The novel phosphor compositions developed by Lightscape Materials enable improved quality, reliability and output color of LED light-based systems,” said Leo Linehan, global general manager for Dow Electronic Materials’ Growth Technologies business. “We look forward to helping customers incorporate these advanced phosphors into their processes, while providing the local service, support and supply they have come to expect from Dow.” Linehan added, “We are equally pleased to have the expertise of Lightscape co-founders Gerard Frederickson and Yongchi Tian as part of our LED Technologies team.”

Wisepower CEO Gi-Ho Park said, “Dow Chemical was the ideal acquirer for Lightscape Materials. Dow’s investments in LED-related materials and their global marketing reach was a factor in our decision to choose Dow,” said Park. “Lightscape is a unique phosphor player capable of delivering novel phosphors crucial to high CRI LED packages.”

SRI Ventures Vice President Norman Winarsky, PhD said, “It is gratifying to see SRI’s technology develop into products that meet important market needs. Lightscape, the latest success in SRI’s series of spinoff ventures, is built from a strong legacy of lighting innovations that include the first color TV phosphors.”
Linehan added, “We look forward to working with SRI International and Wisepower again as the occasion arises.”

Phosphors are used in LED lighting applications where color quality is a key performance attribute, such as in backlights for LCD displays and in residential, workplace and retail illumination. They enable the LED to create a wide spectrum of white light, with the color tuned for the desired application. Linehan says the ongoing development of phosphor compositions is particularly important as applications become more sophisticated and consumers’ expectations for color quality increase.

In October of 2011, Dow announced the formation of a new LED Technologies business segment to capture current and future demand for LEDs in the solid-state lighting market. In addition to the newly added phosphor materials, Dow’s portfolio includes metalorganic CVD precursors, which are used to make the active light-emitting areas in LEDs, as well as photoresists, related ancillaries for lithographic processing, metallization processes for electroplating, and pads and slurries for CMP – all of which are used to manufacture LEDs.

Dow Electronic Materials has manufacturing and research facilities in the U.S., Europe, China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea.

Financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed.

Dow (NYSE: DOW) combines the power of science and technology to passionately innovate what is essential to human progress. The Company connects chemistry and innovation with the principles of sustainability to help address many of the world's most challenging problems such as the need for clean water, renewable energy generation and conservation, and increasing agricultural productivity. Dow's diversified industry-leading portfolio of specialty chemical, advanced materials, agrosciences and plastics businesses delivers a broad range of technology-based products and solutions to customers in approximately 160 countries and in high growth sectors such as electronics, water, energy, coatings and agriculture. In 2011, Dow had annual sales of $60 billion and employed approximately 52,000 people worldwide. The Company's more than 5,000 products are manufactured at 197 sites in 36 countries across the globe. References to "Dow" or the "Company" mean The Dow Chemical Company and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise expressly noted. More information about Dow can be found at www.dow.com.

About Dow Electronic Materials
Dow Electronic Materials, a global supplier of materials and technologies to the electronics industry, brings innovative leadership to the semiconductor, interconnect, finishing, photovoltaic, display, LED and optics markets. From advanced technology centers worldwide, teams of talented Dow research scientists and application experts work closely with customers, providing solutions, products and technical service necessary for next-generation electronics. These partnerships energize Dow's power to invent. Its key end-use applications include a broad range of consumer electronics from personal computers, to television monitors, cellular phones, global positioning systems, automobile safety systems, and avionics.

About Wisepower
Wisepower, a Korean company (KOSDAQ: 040670), started its business as a rechargeable battery packer in 1998. The company has diversified its business in wireless charging solution and LED lighting, which are currently two major business areas. Wisepower also acquired several prospective private companies such as Grand Tech, a semiconductor facility constructor, Convex, a precision motion control solution developer, and Unidym, a US based carbon nanotube (CNT) product company, as new businesses for its growth. Wisepower and its subsidiaries have regional presence in Korea, US, China, and Australia. More information about Wisepower can be found at www.wisepower.co.kr.

About SRI International
Silicon Valley-based SRI International, a nonprofit research and development organization, performs sponsored R&D for governments, businesses, and foundations. SRI brings its innovations to the marketplace through technology licensing, new products, and spin-off ventures. SRI is known for world-changing innovations in computing, health and pharmaceuticals, chemistry and materials, sensing, energy, education, national defense, and more.

^®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

Slight Increase in First Quarter 2012 Silicon Wafer Shipments

SAN JOSE, Calif. – May 7, 2012 – Worldwide silicon wafer area shipments increased slightly during the first quarter 2012 when compared to fourth quarter 2011 area shipments according to the SEMI Silicon Manufacturers Group (SMG) in its quarterly analysis of the silicon wafer industry. 

Total silicon wafer area shipments were 2,033 million square inches during the most recent quarter, a 1 percent increase from the 2,009 million square inches shipped during the previous quarter. New quarterly total area shipments are 11 percent less than first quarter 2011 shipments.

"The first quarter of the year tends to be a time for seasonal softness for silicon shipment volume, though quarterly shipments did improve some compared to the fourth quarter” said Dr. Bruce Kellerman, chairman of SEMI SMG and senior director of Semiconductor Product Marketing at MEMC. “With modest growth forecasted for the semiconductor industry in 2012, we are optimistic that positive momentum will continue for silicon shipments.”

 


Quarterly Silicon Area Shipment Trends
Semiconductor Silicon Shipments* - Millions of Square Inches

	Million of Square Inches
	Q1 2011	Q4 2011	Q1 2012
TOTAL	2,287	2,009	2,033

        *Shipments are for semiconductor applications only and do not include solar applications

 

Silicon wafers are the fundamental building material for semiconductors, which in turn, are vital components of virtually all electronics goods, including computers, telecommunications products, and consumer electronics. The highly engineered thin round disks are produced in various diameters (from one inch to 12 inches) and serve as the substrate material on which most semiconductor devices or "chips" are fabricated.

All data cited in this release is inclusive of polished silicon wafers, including virgin test wafers, epitaxial silicon wafers, and non-polished silicon wafers shipped by the wafer manufacturers to the end-users.

The Silicon Manufacturers Group acts as an independent special interest group within the SEMI structure and is open to SEMI members involved in manufacturing polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon or silicon wafers (e.g., as cut, polished, epi, etc.). The purpose of the group is to facilitate collective efforts on issues related to the silicon industry including the development of market information and statistics about the silicon industry and the semiconductor market.

About SEMI

SEMI is the global industry association serving the nano- and microelectronics manufacturing supply chains. SEMI member companies are the engine of the future, enabling smarter, faster and more economical products that improve our lives. Since 1970, SEMI has been committed to helping members grow more profitably, create new markets and meet common industry challenges. SEMI maintains offices in Beijing, Bengaluru, Berlin, Brussels, Grenoble, Hsinchu, Moscow, San Jose, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Tokyo, and Washington, D.C. For more information, visit www.semi.org

ElectroniCast to Present at Korea’s LED Lighting Export Promotion Seminar on May 24, 2012

TOKYO, Japan, May 17, 2012 – ElectroniCast Consultants, a leading market and technology consultancy, today announced Mr. Hans van der Tang, Director Sales & Marketing Asia Pacific Region at ElectroniCast Consultants will present at Korea’s LED Lighting Export Promotion at the COEX Korea Exhibition Center in Seoul in the Republic of Korea on May 24, 2012.  The Seminar is hosted by SEMICOMM.

The presentation will provide a detailed summary of ElectroniCast’s extensive market forecast and analysis of the use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting in Japan.  The presentation will review the year 2011, as well as provide a forecast for 2012-2016. 

The ElectroniCast market forecast of LED Lamp use will be presented for eight major lamp-type categories.  The lamp categories, in turn, may have multiple sub-categories, which are determined by lamp luminous flux and/or the physical size of the lamp, as shown in the (preliminary) presentation outline.

ElectroniCast Consultants – www.electronicast.com specializes in forecasting trends in technology forecasting, markets and applications forecasting, strategic planning and consulting. ElectroniCast Consultants, as a technology-based independent forecasting firm, serves industrial companies, trade associations, government agencies, communications and manufacturing companies, as well as the investment/financial community.  Reduction of the risk of major investment decisions is the main benefit provided.  ElectroniCast Consultants’ goal is to understand the challenges and opportunities facing clients and to provide timely, accurate information for strategic planning.

OLED General Lighting Market Forecast (2011-2021)

ElectroniCast Report - OLED General Lighting Market Forecast (2011-2021)

Market Overview by, Stephen Montgomery, ElectroniCast

For more information, Contact: Stephen Montgomery:  stephen_montgomery@electronicastconsultants.com

Web:  www.electronicast.com

            Market Forecast Application Categories             This chapter presents the ElectroniCast market forecast for the years 2011-2021 for the worldwide consumption (use) of OLEDs used in General Light applications (see chapter 6 for the definition of General Lighting). Regional and sub-real market forecasts are also presented and segmented by two major End-User categories:

·  Government/Commercial, including R&D

·  Residential/Non-Specific, including R&D

End-user OLED-based general lighting solutions (product designs) are still, very much in the idea-to-concept stage in 2011 and going into 2012. The Government/ Commercial (mainly interior/office) application is forecast to maintain its market share dominance versus the Residential/Other user-group category, because of the relative higher selling price of the OLED solution versus other lighting technology.

OLED lighting is environmentally friendly, mercury-free, and ideal as next-generation lighting. Owing to its outstanding thinness, lightness, low electric power consumption, and use as a surface light source, it has a wide range of potential applications.

ElectroniCast forecasts that the consumption of General Lighting OLED panels in the Residential/Other user-group will trend to premium (high-price) lighting fixtures and specialty applications (niche applications), which may not necessarily be adequately served by other lighting solutions. Therefore, until these “niche” general lighting OLED panel solutions develop in the Residential marketplace, consumption is forecast to remain minor.

Beyond the “light-bulb” Mentality             The ElectroniCast market opportunity analysis (MOA) shows the OLED panel market should not be limited to (only) lamps and typical (conventional) lamp fixtures for general lighting (table lamps, wall/ceiling fixtures).  ElectroniCast assumes that the OLED panel general-lighting market will grow beyond the “light-bulb” mentality to a broad base of applications, which currently may not even be in the idea-stage. Applications that have been mentioned by industry participants include (but not limited to) OLED incorporated into the following applications; however, to fall under the General Lighting definition and not the architectural lighting definition, the illumination of an area must be the primary purpose of the OLED panel:

·        Windows/Skylights

·        Wall panels or wall panels; Mirrors with light function

·        Flooring/Steps-stairs

·        Furniture or structural lighting

·        Other (almost endless possibilities)

Role of Professional Lighting Designers             Recent advances in technology and education have made the role of professional lighting designers critical to the success of exterior architectural and landscape lighting projects, as well as market potential in major interior lighting opportunities.  Illumination design has become a creative extension of architecture - one in which lighting is a silent design partner, improving visibility and complimenting form, shape, and color.

New developments in lamp and luminaire technologies are being introduced into the marketplace continually. Lighting designers are tremendous resource for innovative, practical and economically viable lighting solutions. They understand the role of lighting in architecture and interior design and rely on their extensive experience and knowledge of lighting equipment and systems to enhance and strengthen design.

The Professional Lighting Designers' Association (PLDA) was originally founded as the European Lighting Designers' Association ELDA+, and is a voluntary federation of lighting designers and lighting consultants who are active on an international scale, their purpose being to increase the reputation of the profession and to establish the profession as such in its own right. Membership is centered on the professional architectural lighting designer. An architectural lighting designer is a person who possesses the knowledge and expertise to carry out all the work required to design light for interior and exterior architectural projects in such a way that the design can be implemented, become an integral part of the project and establish an efficient, enjoyable, healthy, safe, sustainable and well accepted environment for the people who live, work and relax in it.

In spite of the multitude of technical possibilities now available, the fact remains that light, as an invisible medium is not easy to handle. Poor lighting is the result of bad planning. For this reason, the purposeful application of light in the architectural context is not only a logical consequence but also an absolute must.

With on-going evaluations relative to the future of OLEDs in General Lighting, there is a challenge to enter the displacement process versus the status quo (staying with the traditional lighting technologies).  There is the need to overcome misconceptions about the true value proposition of OLEDs. While some are seeking to replace existing fixtures with OLED light lamps and/or fixtures, others recognize the new paradigms that are evolving.  OLEDs offer a new model for light - digital light - with a set of features that completely change the value proposition of light, the relationship between light and information, how consumers experience light, how they control it, how they can use it. 

In 2011, OLEDs in several lighting applications are considered innovation, however, not widely considered an alternative to other technology.  However, OLEDs will emerge as a General Lighting option, largely driven by ecological (“Green”) concerns, as will as government financial incentives and technological advances in manufacturing and material processes.  Sometimes this can be reflected in the marketing approaches of OLED lighting equipment makers, which focus on the unique and “eye-catching” color-change effects that can be achieved rather than addressing the needs of the professional lighting market.

ElectroniCast stresses that the OLED for use in general lighting, at least near-term, should be promoted (pushed) as a “complimentary” solution to general lighting; therefore the OLED marketing/product-planning group in a particular lighting manufacturer should work closely (cooperate) with the other groups (fluorescent lamps, LEDs, etc) in advancing the OLED from the idea-stage to the concept-stage and into the innovation-stage of product planning.

The future of the OLED market, despite exciting innovative devices driven by technological advances and ecological/energy-saving concerns, still face challenges in overcoming performance/price limitations and in attracting widespread consumption.  The use of General Lighting OLEDs is increasing, initiating from government-based (funding) initiative – then to commercial/business – and eventually to the consumer-level.