ElectroniCast Market Forecast - LED Lamps in Explosion Proof Lighting

LED Lamps Used In Explosion Proof Lighting

Global Market Forecast and Analysis (2011-2018)

Publish Date:             February 24, 2012

Text Pages:                  356

Also Included:              Excel Worksheets/Data Tables and PowerPoint Slides

Fee:                            $4,200
Contact:                      stephen_montgomery@electronicastconsultants.com

This is the ElectroniCast analysis and forecast of global market consumption of LED-based lamps, which are used in explosion-proof lighting fixtures.   Working environments that contain explosive gases or dust are extremely volatile environments. All it takes is a single spark to cause an explosion. A variety of lights are available that are considered explosion proof lighting because they prevent any possible ignition sources from being exposed to the air.

Lights are a common cause of explosion ignition. Low energy light fittings can help to prevent explosions because they do not produce enough energy to ignite source materials. This intrinsically safe equipment, though, can sometimes provide low quality lighting.

In the process of this market research project, in addition to interviewing existing customers and potential customers of LED-based explosion-proof lighting, ElectroniCast Consultants also studied lighting manufactures with various ranges of hazardous area lighting products, which are suited to use in high-risk areas. The lighting fixtures are designed for situations where explosive gases and dusts are found, providing suitable lighting without enabling a risk of explosion.

The light emitting diode (LED) market, despite exciting innovative devices driven by technological advances and ecological/energy-saving concerns, still face challenges in overcoming performance/price limitations and in attracting widespread consumption. 

This report, by ElectroniCast Consultants, provides the research findings of our study of the global consumption of Light Emitting Diode Lamps, which are used in luminaires in solid-state lighting (SSL) Explosion-Proof Lighting applications. 

The term "solid state" refers to the fact that light in a light emitting diode (LED) is emitted from a solid object, which does not contain moving parts or parts that can break, rupture, shatter, leak or contaminate the environment —a block of semiconductor—rather than from a vacuum or gas tube, as is the case in traditional incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent lamps.

Compared to incandescent lighting, LED-based solid-state lighting (SSL) delivers visible light with reduced heat. In addition, its solid-state nature provides for greater resistance to shock, vibration, and wear, thereby significantly increasing its lifespan.

LED Level Quantified in the ElectroniCast Study    Below, are five levels (or “food chain”) pertaining to the LED marketplace.  For the purposes of this ElectroniCast study, we quantify and provide a market forecast for “Level 4”

·        Level 1 - The chip or die

·        Level 2 - The LED component (packaged LED)

·        Level 3 - LED array; may include optics, heat sink and/or power supply

·        Level 4 - Lamp

·        Level 5 - Luminaire (explosion-proof light fixture/lamp holder/enclosure)          

The following regions are quantified in this study report:

• America (North, Central and South America)
• EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa)
• APAC (Asia Pacific)

This report provides the 2011 market data review and 2012-2018 forecast by the following functions:

• Consumption Value (US$)
• Quantity (number/units) – Lamps only (not the fixtures)
• Average Selling Prices ($, each)

            The value is determined by multiplying the number of units (lamps) by the average selling price (ASP) in US Dollars. The ASPs are not retail prices; the prices are based on the price of the LED lamp at the initial factory level (prior to FOB – Free On Board).  The value is then based on the end-use application in the each region.

During the market research process, ElectroniCast analysts perform interviews with authoritative and representative individuals in the LED and lighting industry, plus – R&D and industrial/factory/manufacturing, from the standpoint of both suppliers and users of explosion-proof LED lighting products.

            Market Forecast Product Categories         This market forecast of the worldwide consumption is presented for four (4) major lamp-type categories, as shown below:

·        General-Area

·        Linear: Tube and String/Strip

·        Small portable-type: Flash lights, wearable headlamp

·        Specialty, Panel and Miscellaneous

Market Forecast Sub-Application Categories            This market forecast of the worldwide consumption for LED lamps used in explosive-proof lighting is presented for four (4) major end-user group (sub-application) categories, as shown below:

·        Power Plants, Pumping Stations, Substations

·        Military Bases, Airports, Other Transportation Facilities

                                               

·        Gas Stations, Paint-Spray Booths, Other Commercial/Industrial, Other/Non-Specific

·        Oil Fields, Oil Refineries, Offshore Oil Platforms, Oil Tanks, Tunnels, Wharf, Mining and Other Similar

Increasingly, the automatic assembly and test manufacturing process for LED solid-state lighting products allow for mass-production capability.  In addition, over the next few years, the average selling prices of the LED-based lighting products will be driven lower, as a result of production efficiencies, yield improvements (aided by quality controls), competition (both market competition and technology competition), marketing/sales distribution improvements, and other factors.

Market Opportunity Analysis – Market Dynamics   The study process by ElectroniCast Consultants takes into account the following points:

• Standards (including general regulations & standards, environmental issues, etc.)
• Policies and schemes for promoting the penetration of LED lighting
• Industry trends in LED lighting fixtures
• Distribution/Sales Channel
• LED Explosion-Proof Lighting competitive environment is considered

Since the light output of individual light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is small compared to incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps, multiple diodes are often used together.  With continuing improvement of diode technology, high power LEDs with higher lumen output is enabling the replacement of other lamp technology with LED lamps.       

Luminaries are lighting fixtures complete with the light source or lamp, the reflector for directing the light, an aperture (with or without a lens), the outer shell or housing for lamp alignment and protection, an electrical ballast (if required), and connection to a power source, and usually a socket to hold the lamp and allow for its replacement.

The light emitting diode (LED) market, despite exciting innovative devices driven by technological advances and ecological/energy-saving concerns, still face challenges in overcoming performance/price limitations and in attracting widespread consumption. 

Consumption Value Forecast     The global consumption value of LED-based lamps in explosion-proof lighting was $137.8 million in 2011.  During the 2011-2018 timeline, ElectroniCast forecast that the consumption (use) value is set to increase at an average annual rate of 5.9 percent to $206.5 million in the year 2018. [1]   The Europe, Middle East and African (EMEA) region, driven by its use of explosion-proof lighting in the oil-related industry, is forecast for slightly faster growth than the American region.

In terms of value, the APAC region is forecast to grow at a slightly faster pace versus other regions during the forecast period. The APAC region consumption is driven by use of the LED lamps in the commercial/ industrial (factory) application.  The American region (South, Central and North America) region, led initially by the mining and oil-relation sub-applications and is forecast later-on to hold strong market positions in commercial/industrial, mining/oil-related, as well as the military and transportation-oriented sectors.

NOTE:  Market forecast data in this study report refers to consumption (use) for a particular calendar year; therefore, this data is not cumulative data.  

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[1]  All values and prices in this report are at factory as-shipped levels, and are in current dollars, which include the effect of a forecasted 5 percent annual inflation rate over the forecast period.

Low Refractive Index Silicone Encapsulating Material for HB-LEDs

Significantly improves the efficiency of the transmission of light produced by LEDs through use of a new low refractive index silicone encapsulating material that greatly reduces gas permeability Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (Head Office: Tokyo; President: Shunzo Mori) has developed a new silicone encapsulating material product for applications in packaging materials for HBLEDs (High Brightness Light-Emitting Diodes), the “KER-7000 Series,” which is a low refractive index (RI)-type that greatly reduces gas permeability. The company is beginning sample shipments, mainly for applications in LED lighting. Low gas permeability is one of the important characteristics sought in LED encapsulating material along with superb photo-thermal stability in withstanding high temperatures and excellent retention of its initial optical transparency throughout the lifetime of the device. With an encapsulating material that has high gas permeability, it is well known that such gases as oxygen can easily permeate and cause oxidation and sulfuration to occur, and that can lead to the possibility of degradation in light intensity. Up to now, Shin-Etsu Chemical has been developing many silicone encapsulating materials that have various characteristics, such as methyl-group material that is superior in heat resistance and phenyl-group material that is characterized by low gas permeability. The newly developed silicone encapsulating material product succeeds in greatly reducing the level of gas permeability by 1/10 while maintaining heat resistance at the same level as that of the methyl-group. In addition, when compared with the phenyl group, this new product has the same level of gas permeability and much higher resistance to high temperatures. LED packaging materials that apply this product will achieve dramatically improved reliability of LED lighting because of its effectiveness in preventing the degradation of light intensify caused by the corrosion of the peripheral materials. Because this new product has a refractive index of 1.38, which is lower than that of the methyl-group material, and is superior in transparency, it is a particularly attractive encapsulating material for flat-package HBLEDs. There are two types of products in this new series that are formulated based on different hardness properties: “KER-7080 A/B” has a hardness level of (Durometer A) 80, and “KER-7030 A/B” has a hardness level of (Durometer A) 30. In addition to the new silicone encapsulating material product series that is being announced in this press release, Shin-Etsu Chemical has a group of other diverse silicone encapsulating materials for HBLED applications. Representative products in the “SCR Series” are increasingly being adopted for backlighting applications in mobile phones and notebook PCs, and products in the “ASP Series,” which have superior characteristics with regard to long-term reliability and possess greatly reduced gas permeability, also are being increasingly adopted, mainly for applications in backlighting for LCDs. Shin-Etsu Chemical, in addition to encapsulating materials, has successively developed new products for HBLEDs, such as heat-radiating die-bond materials, lens materials, reflector materials and moisture-proof insulating materials. Shin-Etsu is the world's largest manufacturer of HBLED packaging materials. Going forward, to further expand its world's No.1 position in packaging materials for LED applications, Shin-Etsu Chemical will continue to pursue the development of cutting-edge technologies and will carry out its product development efforts with the goal of meeting the needs of the rapidly developing, more sophisticated market for HBLEDs. Source: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.

Power Supply is Integral to the LED Circuit Board Contained within the Fixture Enclosure

Plastic from Bayer MaterialScience LLC sheds light on TerraGlo’s LED design 

 When TerraGlo Lighting needed an optically clear material that met stringent Underwriter Laboratories Inc. (UL) 5VA guidelines for its Alba Series luminaires, there were few options on the market. Fortunately, TerraGlo found one material that clearly met its design needs: Bayer MaterialScience LLC's Makrolon® polycarbonate.

TerraGlo's Alba Series luminaires can be used as surface- or recessed-mount wall sconces or pendant-mounted fixtures. A unique aspect of the Alba lights is a power supply that is integral to the LED circuit board contained within the fixture enclosure, according to TerraGlo president, Laura Rodriguez. "There is no external power supply, so it is essentially a 'plug and play' system," she explains.

UL required TerraGlo to enclose the circuit board using a UL94 5VA-rated material. TerraGlo selected Bayer's Makrolon FR7087 polycarbonate to mold the 3-mm-thick lens cover. After the molding process, the optically clear cover is mounted over the circuit board within the enclosed light fixture.

This particular application had dual challenges. The integral circuit made it challenging to design a 5VA-rated cover. "Furthermore, the cover needed to be optically clear, since it covers the light source and the AC/DC electronic circuit," said Bryan Gudusky, product manager, TerraGlo. "Bayer's Makrolon FR7087 plastic met all of our needs and the demands of this specific design."

According to Kevin Dunay, market segment leader, Electrical/Electronics (EE) Polycarbonates, Bayer MaterialScience LLC, Makrolon FR7087 is a transparent, flame—retardant polycarbonate resin that has been proven in demanding applications, particularly LED lighting and electrical products. "When we commercially launched this grade of plastic, it was believed to be the first clear thermoplastic material to meet stringent flammability specifications — UL 94 5VA at 3 mm thickness," said Dunay.

Makrolon FR7087 was issued the Yellow Card and listed on the UL Online Certifications Directory after being subjected to rigorous UL testing, including glow wire flammability and ignition. The UL Yellow Card features specific information about a polymeric material a company has submitted for testing. UL 94 is widely regarded as the standard for the safety testing of plastic materials with regard to flammability for use in devices and appliances.

About TerraGlo Lighting:

TerraGlo Lighting is a WBE-certified business that was established in 2008 and then incorporated in 2009 with the sole intention to provide the highest quality and the most innovative LED luminaires at the most competitive prices. The company's unique approach and experience in both the electronics and lighting industries enables TerraGlo to offer the most efficient LED fixtures that will ensure optimum performance, long life cycles and high efficiency rates. TerraGlo was founded based on the following principles; excellence, aesthetics, efficiency and performance.

About Bayer MaterialScience LLC:

Bayer MaterialScience LLC is one of the leading producers of polymers and high-performance plastics in North America and is part of the global Bayer MaterialScience business with approximately 14,700 employees at 30 production sites around the world and 2010 sales of 10.2 billion euros. The company manufactures high-tech polymer materials and develops innovative solutions for products used in many areas of daily life. The main segments served are the automotive, electrical and electronics, construction, medical, and sports and leisure industries. Sustainability is central to Bayer MaterialScience LLC's business and is based around the key areas of innovation, product stewardship, excellence in corporate management, social responsibility and respect for the environment.

For more information about Bayer MaterialScience LLC’s polycarbonate material offerings for the LED lighting market, call 1-800-662-2927, email pcinfo@bayer.com or visit www.bmsnafta.com.

For more information about TerraGlo Lighting, call 800-397-4940, email bgudusky@terraglo.com

ElectroniCast - GAGGLE

This BLOG provides vital information related to the LED Lighting field.  Stephen Montgomery, a senior consultant at ElectroniCast Consultants is constantly conducting both primary and secondary market and technology information research.  Be sure to check-out his BLOG on a daily basis.

The term “Gaggle” refers to an informal news briefing by ElectroniCast staff on current and interesting items to them, which are then relayed to the BLOG for all to review.

Definition of “Gaggle” from Wikipedia –

A gaggle is a term of venery for a flock of geese that isn't in flight; in flight, the group can be called a skein.

In terms of geese, a gaggle is equal to at least five geese.

In terms of salt, a gaggle is equal to eight fifty pound bags of salt. Usually one layer on a skid.

In military slang, a gaggle is an unorganized group doing nothing. In aviation, it is a large, loosely organized tactical formation of aircraft.

In the field of systems biology, The Gaggle is an open source software framework for exchanging data between independently developed software tools and databases to enable interactive exploration of data.

Press Gaggle -- A "press gaggle" (as distinct from a press conference or press briefing) is the nickname given to an informal briefing by the White House Press Secretary which (as used by press secretaries for the George W. Bush administration) is on the record, but disallows videography. The term can also be used to refer to the informal interactions between the press and the press secretary that occur before a videotaped press briefing.

ElectroniCast - Market and Technology Forecasts

www.electronicast.com

Contact: stephen_montgomery@electronicast.com

ElectroniCast specializes in forecasting technology and global market trends in electronics, fiber

optics, light emitting diodes (LEDs), advanced photonics, integrated circuits, microwave/wireless,

and network communications . As an independent consultancy we offer multi-client and custom

market research studies to the world's leading companies based on comprehensive, in-depth

analysis of quantitative and qualitative factors.

ElectroniCast forecasts trends in communication networks and in the products and components

used in those networks. ElectroniCast conducts studies and provides forecasts in the worldwide

fiber optic/photonic, optoelectronic and network product industries. This includes technology

forecasting, markets and applications forecasting, strategic planning, competitive analysis, and

marketing/sales consultation. ElectroniCast Consultants, founded as a technology-based

independent forecasting firm, meets the information needs of communication industry planners and

related suppliers. These studies are either multiclient or custom.

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Serving Clients

The ElectroniCast purpose is to understand your problems, and to provide timely, high-quality

analysis and forecasts to help solve those problems. We focus on your interests. That's why over

80 percent of our business is with clients we have served before.

ElectroniCast conducts studies, and provides forecasts, in the worldwide fiber optic/photonic  and

optoelectronics industries. These studies are either multiclient or custom.

Multiclient studies and services are available to any subscriber. They are structured broadly, to be

useful to a wide range of clients.

Custom studies are tailored to the interests of a single client, and are proprietary to that client. The

custom study typically is narrowly defined. It may focus on strategic business planning, markets,

technology, competition, acquisition strategy, or any other information requirement.

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Research Areas

ElectroniCast covers Fiber Optics/Photonics, Optoelectronics, Communication-Related Services,

and Interconnection at all levels including:

Systems

Equipment and Subsystems

Components

Materials and Parts

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How To Get Started

E-mail me if you need a forecast or planning assistance. A general or custom

study will be proposed without obligation.

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Technology Focus

ElectroniCast concentrates on areas where future technology advancement will have a major

impact on new product and service market opportunities:

Fiber Optics

Network Communications

Advanced Photonic Products

LEDs and Illumination

Microwave Communication

Optical Wireless

The ElectroniCast staff includes analysts with strong backgrounds in these technologies. Much of

the ElectroniCast field research is aimed at analyzing worldwide laboratory activity and forecasting

the resulting technology trends. These technology forecasts are then applied to extensive end-user,

bottom-up market analysis. Input/output methodology is used as a cross-check of these user-based

market forecasts.

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Application Focus

ElectroniCast segments component and systems use into the following major application

categories:

Telecommunications

LAN/Private Data Networks

Cable TV

Military/Aerospace

Utilities

Specialty

Harsh Environment

Test/Medical Sciences

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We Help You Catch The Window

The product life cycles of high technology electronic products are short, and will continue to shrink.

For success, it is vital to target the right products for development and to introduce them to the

market at the right time. Decisions on major R&D and facility investments must be made before

competitors’ products seize the market—and these decisions must be made quickly.

ElectroniCast's fast-turn-around analysis and forecasts help you catch the windows of opportunity.

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Forecast Methodology

In analyzing and forecasting a product or service market, ElectroniCast combines several

techniques:

Product consumption and production history is determined by:

•        Interviews of the leading product or service users and producers ("dual track" primary

research)

•        Secondary research (a review of published information, including industry data, technical

papers, financial reports)

This research provides a consensus of the past history of the product or service: value, price

trends, application trends, leading producers and their market shares.

The forecast, working from this historical data, is based on interviews of:

•        Users (mainly design engineers who decide which product to specify)

•        Suppliers (manufacturers, distributors, transporters)

•        Researchers (industrial, government, university)

•        Government agencies

The short range (1-2 years) forecast is based mainly on a consensus of supplier and user

viewpoints. If adequate historical data are available, projections also may contribute to the short-

range forecast. These methods, however, are not suitable for long-range forecasts, especially for

advanced-technology products.

The long-range forecast is based upon the following sequence:

•        The advancement of technology of the product, competing products and the end applications is

forecasted based on interviews of researchers and other experts in the product field.

•        The economic significance of the advanced technology products is analyzed from the following

perspectives:   

•  Real value to user, determined by user interviews

• Displacement of competing products

• Creation of new markets                

•        The production of the end-use equipments or systems is forecasted.

•        Production costs, and thus minimum pricing, of the product at various quantity levels are

analyzed.

•        The demand forecast is derived by bottom-up, application-by-application analysis.

The analysis of cost-effectiveness and understanding of the user perception of risk of the product

provide insight into the rate of penetration of the product into the various end applications at its

minimum profitable price. Input/output analysis applies the penetration forecasts to the end-

application production forecasts to provide a cross-check of the product consumption forecast.

This consumption forecast is then adjusted by forecasted imports and exports, inventory change,

R&D use, and other non-production markets to derive the total production forecast.  Finally, by user

interviews, the production forecasts are segmented into captive (in-house) production versus

available (merchant) market. The forecast data are computer-processed and the forecasts are

available on CD Rom or via e-mail delivery.

Why ElectroniCast Consultants Leads

MATURITY

A base of over a quarter century of forecasting technology application and market trends of leading-

edge photonic and electronic products. No other consultancy compares to ElectroniCast

Consultants in the number of current, in-depth fiber optic component forecast reports.

ADVANCED PHOTONICS

Photonic Integrated Circuit Transceivers (PICs)

Optical Fiber Amplifiers (OFAs)

Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits (OEICs)

Massively Parallel Optical Interconnect (Masspar)

Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) Transceivers

Optical Crossconnect (OXC) Matrix Switches

Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADMs)

Optical Backplanes (OBPs) and Motherboards

Internal Optical Interconnect

BOTTOM-UP ANALYSIS

The forecasted product is divided into its subsets (and sub-subsets). The significant applications

are identified. For each product subset, in each application, the base year consumed quantity and

its average per-unit price is estimated, based on in-depth interviews of both customers and

suppliers. This is repeated for each succeeding year of the forecasts. Quantity is multiplied to

obtain the value forecasts, at these lowest levels. The quantity and value forecasts are then

summed to obtain the total forecast. All of this bottom-up quantity, price and value data is provided

in spreadsheets with each report.

EXTRAORDINARY DATA BASES

The bottom-up forecast numbers are managed within extremely detailed spreadsheets which

support accurate forecasting of over 20 fiber optic component categories plus end applications

(equipment) and subsidiary piece parts. These forecast spreadsheets, in printout format, on CD, are

provided to each client.

The consumption quantities of various components are related to each other, as well as to the

quantities of consuming equipment and the quantities of supporting parts. This permits cross-

referencing of forecasts, to improve accuracy.

CONSULTANT RELATIONSHIP

Clients have access to forecast report authors and support staff for extended exploration and

clarification.  ElectroniCast maintains a continuing consulting relationship with its clients, providing

additional information as needed.

INDEPENDENCE

ElectroniCast is owned by its founder and staff, free from influence by outside ownership.

Excellence in forecasting and client service are the guiding principles.

CONFERENCE SPONSORSHIP

ElectroniCast organizes and sponsors several fiber optic component industry conferences,

facilitating interaction among client and ElectroniCast staff with industry leaders in all areas

Industry Sectors

-Telecommunications

-LAN/Premise Data Networks

-Cable              

-Specialty 

-Military/Aerospace/Harsh Environment

-Test/Medical Sciences

Technology Sectors

-Fiber Optics

-Network Communications

-Advanced Photonic Products

-Optoelectronics

- LEDs and Illumination

-Microwave Communication

-Optical Wireless

Global

-Global Summary

-North, Central and South America (America)

-Europe, plus Middle Eastern and African countries (EMEA)

-Asia Pacific (APAC)

We Help You Catch the

Window!

Cooper Industries Announces the Acquisition of Fifth Light Technology, Ltd.

Industry-leading provider of lighting controls solutions to manage energy consumption DUBLIN, Ireland, Feb. 7, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Cooper Industries plc (NYSE: CBE), a global provider of electrical solutions, today announced the acquisition of Fifth Light Technology, Ltd. ("Fifth Light"). Fifth Light is a privately owned company based in Oakville, Canada that specializes in the design, sale and implementation of digitally addressable lighting interface (DALI) solutions and a suite of centralized building management software applications. This portfolio of solutions enables facility management to measure and control energy consumption across individual fixtures, as well as provide for the integration and control of other building management systems across multiple applications. Over the past several years, Fifth Light has installed over 100,000 control devices in premier locations across North America, saving customers significant energy usage associated with their lighting systems. Terms of the acquisition were not disclosed. Fifth Light will become part of the Cooper Controls business unit within Cooper Lighting, an industry leader committed to delivering innovative products and driving transformational technology in the lighting industry. With this acquisition, Cooper Controls expands its portfolio of energy management solutions by combining its broad hardware portfolio with Fifth Light's industry-leading software capabilities. This is Cooper Lighting's fifth controls-related acquisition, which will now broaden the company's ability to provide a wide range of indoor and outdoor LED lighting products as well as an array of sophisticated controls solutions in both the domestic and international markets. "Cooper is committed to delivering the leading energy efficiency products and solutions to our customers both domestically and globally," said Cooper Industries Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Kirk S. Hachigian. "The acquisition of Fifth Light expands our ability to integrate controls solutions with solid state lighting technologies, enabling our customers to significantly reduce their energy consumption while also improving the light quality of their facility." About Cooper Industries Cooper Industries plc (NYSE: CBE) is a global electrical products manufacturer with 2011 revenues of $5.4 billion. Founded in 1833 Cooper's sustained success is attributable to a constant focus on innovation and evolving business practices, while maintaining the highest ethical standards and meeting customer needs. The Company has seven operating divisions with leading market positions and world-class products and brands, including Bussmann electrical and electronic fuses; Crouse-Hinds and CEAG explosion-proof electrical equipment; Halo and Metalux lighting fixtures; and Kyle and McGraw-Edison power systems products. With this broad range of products, Cooper is uniquely positioned for several long-term growth trends including the global infrastructure build-out, the need to improve the reliability and productivity of the electric grid, the demand for higher energy-efficient products and the need for improved electrical safety. In 2011 fifty-nine percent of total sales were to customers in the industrial and utility end-markets and forty percent of total sales were to customers outside the United States. Cooper has manufacturing facilities in 24 countries as of 2011. For more information, visit the website at http://www.cooperindustries.com/. About Cooper Lighting Cooper Lighting, a subsidiary of Cooper Industries plc (NYSE: CBE), is the leading provider of innovative, high quality interior and exterior lighting fixtures and related products to worldwide commercial, industrial, retail, institutional, residential and utility markets. As lighting technologies have advanced over the years, Cooper Lighting has been at the forefront of the industry in helping businesses and communities leverage the latest technologies to improve efficiency, reduce costs and enrich the quality of the environment. For more information, visit http://www.cooperlighting.com/. About Cooper Controls Cooper Controls, a business unit of Cooper Lighting, is a market leader in energy management, architectural, and entertainment lighting controls. A subsidiary of global manufacturer Cooper Industries plc (NYSE: CBE), it was formed by its acquisition of Novitas Inc. in November 2005, Polaron plc in March 2007, PCI Lighting Control Systems in August 2007, and ALC Lighting Controls in November 2010. Cooper Controls includes leading brands such as iLight (International), iLumin (North America), Greengate, and Zero 88. For more information, visit http://www.coopercontrol.com/. Contact: Kyle McClure Director, Treasury and Investor Relations 713-209-8631 Kyle.McClure@CooperIndustries.com SOURCE: Cooper Industries plc

ElectroniCast - LED Driver IC Market Forecast (February 2012)

High Brightness LED Driver Integrated Circuits

Global Market Forecast and Analysis (2011-2018)

Publish Date:             February 6, 2012

Text Pages:               872

Also Included:            Excel Worksheets/Data Tables and PowerPoint Slides

Fee:                            $4,200

Market Overview by, Stephen Montgomery, ElectroniCast 
 

This is the ElectroniCast review and forecast of global market consumption of Driver Integrated Circuits (ICs) used for High-Brightness Light Emitting Diode (HB-LED) illumination.   Values include LED Driver IC (packaged chip only); therefore, the Printed Circuit Board (PCB), circuit board enclosure and miscellaneous discrete components or functions are not included.

  

The light emitting diode (LED) market, despite exciting innovative devices driven by technological advances and ecological/energy-saving concerns, still face challenges in overcoming performance/price limitations and in attracting widespread consumption.  The use of HB-LED Driver ICs in general lighting, as well as several other applications discussed in this report service, is increasing. For example, in the general lighting application, the increase in consumption is initially driven from government-based retrofitting projects – then to commercial/business – and eventually to the consumer-level.

High Brightness (HB) LEDs face the challenge of creating definitive positions in the illumination market, as competing lighting solutions are readily available and accepted.  While this does not limit the potential success of HB-LEDs, it does create some challenges.  High Brightness (HB) LEDs, defined by ElectroniCast for the purpose of this study as component-level bulbs (packaged LEDs) with a lumens/Watt rating of 30 lm/W and above. 

The market review and forecast (2011-2018) data for HB-LED Driver ICs are segmented by the following functions:

·        Consumption Value (US$, million)

·        Quantity (number/units)

·        Average Selling Prices (ASP $, each)

            The consumption value is determined by multiplying the number of HB-LED driver integrated circuits by the average selling price.  The average selling prices are based on the price of the HB-LED driver integrated circuit at the initial factory level. The value is then based on the end-use application and the end-use region.  LED driver ICs range from simple and lower cost linear regulators to advanced complex switching regulators configured in buck, boost, buck-boost, and SEPIC topologies.  The consumption values are based on the end-user application and the end-user region.

The market data are segmented into the following geographic regions, plus a Global summary:

• America (North America, Central and South America)
• EMEA (Europe, Middle Eastern countries, plus Africa)
• APAC (Asia Pacific)

The global HB-LED Driver IC market is segmented into the following application categories and sub-applications:

·        Vehicle

o       Interior

o       Exterior

o       Display/Backlight

·        Solid-State Lighting: General Lighting

o       Exterior

§         Street Lighting

§         Other Exterior

o       Interior

·        TV/Desktop/Monitor: Backlight                              

·        Portable/Small/Notebook/Other Devices: Light/Backlight                                  

·        Signage and Professional Display                        

·        Stationary Signals                            

·        Test/Medical/Science/Specialty Applications                              

Product Level Quantified in this ElectroniCast Study           

Listed below are four levels (or “food chain”) of HB-LED Driver Integrated Circuits.  For the purposes of this study, we quantify and provide market forecasts for “Level 3”

Level 1 – The wafer

Level 2 – The bare die

Level 3 – The packaged LED Driver IC (chip) 

Level 4 – LED Driver IC mounted on PCB with external/discrete components

The assumed prices are the estimated or forecast average prices paid during the indicated calendar year.  These are the original manufacturer’s (“factory”) prices invoiced to the first (original) customer (distributor, wholesale, retail, end-user, etc), or transfer prices for internal (captive) production. 

Market Opportunity Analysis – Market Dynamics   The study process by ElectroniCast Consultants take into account the following points:

• Standards on or related to LED lighting (including general regulations & standards, environmental issues etc.)
• Policies and schemes for promoting the penetration of LED lighting
• Industry trends in LED lighting fixtures
• End-product: Distribution Channel (DIY stores, other stores, Web-based, other)
• LED Lighting industry competitive environment

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is a major Market Driver     The use of HB-LED Driver ICs, which is driven by promised savings in maintenance/ labor, as well as “Green-Tech” (ecology-oriented) issues.  For example: LED lamps are used in new construction, as well as retrofitting/replacement of existing (installed-based) lamps. The Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is a key marketing dynamic relative to LED Lamps, which typically have a premium price point versus other lighting solutions. 

TCO, when incorporated in any financial benefit analysis, provides a cost basis for determining the economic value of an investment. Examples include: return on investment, internal rate of return, economic value added, return on information technology, and rapid economic justification. A TCO analysis includes total cost of acquisition and operating costs. A TCO analysis is used to gauge the viability of any capital investment. An enterprise may use it as a product/process comparison tool.  Some of the key elements incorporated in the cost of ownership for LED lamps include:

• Depreciation Costs (LEDs last longer)
• Energy Costs (LED s use less energy)
• Repairs (Especially true as a comparison vs. Ballasts in fluorescent tubes)
• Funding programs and other government-based financial incentives
• Maintenance Costs (Lower labor costs/less lamp replacements)

Opportunity Costs are also in the TCO mix, since ElectroniCast takes into account that using LED (energy-efficient lighting and other carbon footprint/pollution issues) depicts the organization, which installs them, as a good corporate citizen; therefore, increased sales revenue may be a benefit, since customers may prefer to reward the “green-oriented” company by purchasing products fro the company.

According to ElectroniCast, of all of the applications covered in this study, General Lighting is forecast with the fastest growth.  The worldwide consumption value of HB-LED Driver ICs in solid-state lighting (SSL) General Lighting applications reached $183 million in 2011. During the 2011-2018 timeline, we forecast that the consumption value will grow at an average annual rate of 63.4 percent to nearly $5.7 billion in the year 2018. 

HB-LED Driver Integrated Circuits

Global Market Forecast & Analysis

Table of Contents

1.             Executive Summary                                                                                                                                            1-1         

1.1                HB-LED Driver ICs Global Market Overview                                                                                                   1-1

1.2          LED Chips Used in Lighting                                                                                                                             1-150

2.         LEDs – Technology Overview                                                                                          2-1

3.             HB-LED Driver ICs Application Market Forecast                                                                                           3-1

3.1          Overview                                                                                                                                                                3-1

3.2          HB-LED Driver ICs Application Market Forecast: Vehicles                                                                         3-19

3.3          HB-LED Driver ICs Application Market Forecast: SSL-General Lighting                                                  3-66

3.4          HB-LED Driver ICs Application Market Forecast: TV/Desktop/Monitor: Backlight                                   3-152

3.5          HB-LED Driver ICs Application Market Forecast: Portable/Notebook/Other: Light/Backlight                               3-170

3.6          HB-LED Driver ICs Application Market Forecast: Signage and Professional Displays                        3-182

3.7          HB-LED Driver ICs Application Market Forecast: Stationary Signals                                                        3-210

3.8          HB-LED Driver ICs Application Market Forecast: Test/Medical/Science/Specialty Applications          3-228

4.             Lighting Standards and Protocols                                                                                                                   4-1

5.             Profile of LED and Related Companies -- Selected Competitors (over 290 companies)                    5-1

6.             Market Research Methodology                                                                                                                         6-1

7.             Definitions - Acronyms, Abbreviations, and General Terms                                                                       7-1

8.             Market Forecast Data Base Explanation                                                                                                        8-1

8.1          Overview                                                                                                                                                                8-1

8.2          Tutorial                                                                                                                                                                  8-3

ADD        Excel Data Base Spreadsheets (Global Market Forecast, 2011-2018)

o         Detailed Data: ASP ($, each); Quantity (Million); Value ($, Million) for all Regions

ADD        Power Point Market Data Figures (Global Market Forecast, 2011-2018)                

 – List of Tables –

1.1.1       HB-LED Driver IC Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Region ($Million)                                     1-14

1.1.2       HB-LED Driver IC Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Application ($Million)                                              1-17

1.1.3       Typical Luminous Efficacies for Traditional and LED Sources                                                                  1-18

1.1.4       List of Members of NGLIA                                                                                                                                  1-28

1.1.5       Latin American Demographic Trends                                                                                                             1-53

1.1.6       List of ELCOMA Members                                                                                                                                                 1-136

2.1          LED Color Variety – Selected Examples                                                                                                        2-9

2.1          LED Color Chart                                                                                                                                                  2-11

1.2.1       Comparison of Lighting Technologies                                                                                                           1-36

3.1.1       HB-LED Driver IC Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Application ($Million)                                              3-17

3.1.2       HB-LED Driver IC Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Application (Quantity: Unit/Million)        3-18

3.1.3       HB-LED Driver IC Global Consumption Market Forecast, By Application (ASP: Price, each $)           3-18

3.3.1       Calculation of the Cost of Manufacturing Facility Downtime                                                                       3-110

3.3.2       Comparison of Lighting Technologies                                                                                                           3-111

3.3.3       PAR Lamp Designation and Nominal Diameter                                                                                          3-136

3.6.1       Consumer-Based Comparison – LED Displays vs. Incandescent Signs                                                              3-183

8.1.1       ElectroniCast Market Forecast Database Application Category Hierarchy List                                      8-2

– List of Figures –

1.1.1       Example: LED Driver Integrated Circuits                                                                                                        1-6

1.1.2       Example: LED Driver Integrated Circuits                                                                                                        1-9

1.1.3       Diagram: Application Circuit for Integrated Circuit Operation                                                                     1-13

1.1.4       Single-die LED: 1000 lm at 100 lm/W at 3A                                                                                                   1-20

1.1.5       Example of LED Packaged Chip (Component-Level) Bulb                                                                        1-21

1.1.6       Example of LED Packaged Chip (Component-Level) Bulb                                                                        1-21

1.1.7       Example of LED Packaged Chip (Component-Level Bulb) Surface Mount Variations                          1-22

1.1.8       Example of LED Packaged Chip: Flux (Component-Level Bulb)                                                                               1-23

1.1.9       Example of High Brightness LED Packaged Chip (Component-Bulb)                                                    1-24

1.1.10     Campus at Night with LED Lighting                                                                                                                                1-37

1.1.11     LED-Based Street Lights for Use in Central America                                                                                                  1-56

1.1.12     LED-Based Street Lamps in Brazil                                                                                                                  1-57

1.1.13     LED-Based Tunnel Lamps Used in Mexico                                                                                                  1-58

1.1.14     LED-Based Street Lighting in the United Kingdom                                                                                      1-87

1.1.15     LED Lighting Martin Place (Sydney Australia)                                                                                               1-129

1.1.16     Tunnel Lighting (China)                                                                                                                                     1-130

1.1.17     Solar/Wind LED Street Lighting (China)                                                                                                         1-131

1.1.18     Solar LED Street Lighting (Okinawa)                                                                                                              1-132

1.1.19     LED-Based Street Lamp Used With Solar Panel in India                                                                           1-147

1.1.20     LED-Based Street Lamps for the Market in India                                                                                         1-148

1.1.21     Architectural Monument Lighting in India using LEDs                                                                                 1-149

1.2.6       Diagram of a Typical LED Chip                                                                                                                        1-150

1.2.7       Diagram of a Typical LED Chip                                                                                                                        1-151

1.2.3       LED Chip Cross-Sectional Structure                                                                                                                              1-152

1.2.4       ESD Protection Diodes                                                                                                                                      1-153

1.2.5       Electrostatic Discharge Example                                                                                                                     1-154

2.1          LED Chromatic Chart                                                                                                                                         2-10

2.2          Evolution of Research Emphasis During Technology Life Cycle                                                                              2-12

2.3          LED Chip: Metal Layer (Thin Film Technology)                                                                                             2-13

2.4          Vertical LED Chip                                                                                                                                                2-14

2.5          AC LED Technology on a Wafer                                                                                                                       2-20

2.6          Ultra High Bright LED Chip                                                                                                                                               2-21

2.7          Ultra-Thin LED                                                                                                                                                     2-24

2.8          Solid-State Lighting LED                                                                                                                                   2-25

2.9          LED Module with High Light Quality                                                                                                                                2-26

2.10        Transparent and flexible inorganic, organic hybrid n-type: Thin Film Transistors (TFTs)                    2-30

2.11        Lumiramic Phosphor Technology: Thin Film Flip Chip (TFFC) technology                                             2-31

2.12        Wire-to-Board LED Connector                                                                                                                          2-34

2.13        Next-Generation Light Emitting Diode Module                                                                                              2-38

2.14        4-Leaded RGB LED                                                                                                                                            2-40

2.15        Vertically Conducting Advanced LED Structure                                                                                             2-44

2.16        AlGaInP LED Efficacy                                                                                                                                          2-46

3.1.1       World Map – Cooperation on Reducing GHG Emissions                                                                          3-2

3.1.2       Diagram: LED Driver with Dynamic Headroom Control                                                                                              3-8

3.1.3       Power Supply Control IC                                                                                                                                    3-10

3.1.4       Block Diagram: Power Supply Control IC                                                                                                       3-11

3.1.5       Flicker-Free Dimming Small-Outline / 8-pin LED Driver IC                                                                        3-12

3.1.6       LED Mesh Display                                                                                                                                              3-15

3.2.1       Market Forecast of HB-LED Driver ICs Used in Vehicles, By Region ($Million)                                     3-19

3.2.2       LED Lighting in Automobiles                                                                                                                            3-20

3.2.3       HB-LED Driver IC Application Circuit Diagram                                                                                              3-21

3.2.4       Market Forecast of HB-LED Driver ICs Used in Vehicle Interior Lighting, By Region ($Million)          3-22

3.2.5       Market Forecast of HB-LED Driver ICs Used in Vehicle Exterior Lighting, By Region ($Million)         3-23

3.2.6       Market Forecast of HB-LED Driver ICs Used in Vehicle Display Back-Lighting, By Region ($Million)               3-24

3.2.7       Automotive LED Headlights                                                                                                                              3-30

3.2.8       Automotive LED Headlights                                                                                                                              3-31

3.2.9       Automotive LED Headlights                                                                                                                              3-32

– List of Figures – Continued

3.2.10     Public Transit Bus: LED Stairwell Light                                                                                                          3-35

3.2.11.a Assorted LED Lighting Profile Devices                                                                                                           3-36

3.2.11.b Assorted LED Lighting Profile Devices                                                                                                           3-36

3.2.11.b Assorted LED Lighting Profile Devices                                                                                                           3-37

3.2.11.b Assorted LED Lighting Profile Devices                                                                                                           3-37

3.2.12     Federal Lighting Location Requirements for Buses                                                                                    3-38

3.2.13     Fully illuminated Rail Car LED Reading and Down Lights                                                                         3-42

3.2.14     Bus with LED-Based Destination Signage                                                                                                    3-45

3.2.15     FBCB2 Computer and Display                                                                                                                         3-51

3.2.16     Rotary Wing Aircraft Cockpit Display                                                                                                               3-54

3.2.17     NVIS-Friendly Exterior Aircraft Lighting                                                                                                            3-55

3.2.18     HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales                                                                                         3-57

3.2.19     LED-Base Wave-Off Light System for Aircraft Carriers                                                                                3-62

3.2.20     Helicopter Visual Approach System                                                                                                                                3-63

3.3.1       Market Forecast of HB-LED Driver ICs Used in SSL-General Lighting, By Region ($Million)              3-67

3.3.2       Market Forecast of HB-LED Driver ICs Used in SSL-Street Lighting, By Region ($Million)                  3-68

3.3.3       Market Forecast of HB-LED Driver ICs Used in SSL-Other Exterior Lighting, By Region ($Million)    3-69

3.3.4       Market Forecast of HB-LED Driver ICs Used in SSL-Interior Lighting, By Region ($Million)                                3-70

3.3.5       LED-Based Operating Theater Lighting                                                                                                         3-78

3.3.6       LED-Based Operating Theater Lighting                                                                                                         3-80

3.3.7       LED-Based Operating Theater Lighting                                                                                                         3-81

3.3.8       Airfield: Runway Edge LED Solar Lighting                                                                                                     3-85

3.3.9       Solar Powered Airfield Light                                                                                                                              3-86

3.3.10     LED-Based Lighting: Starbucks                                                                                                                       3-88

3.3.11     Giordano Retail Outlets                                                                                                                                     3-89

3.3.12     LED Technology for Stage Lighting                                                                                                                                 3-92

3.3.13     Entertainment & Architectural Lighting: Multiple Color LED in a Surface-Mount (SMT) Package        3-93

3.3.14     Color Mixer Reflector for LED Technology Lighting                                                                                      3-94

3.3.15     LED Technology for Under-Cabinet Lighting                                                                                                                 3-95

3.3.16     Production-Lighting: Small Rectangle LED Light Fixture                                                                            3-103

3.3.17     Production Lighting: 8.3-inch LED Circular Spot                                                                                          3-104

3.3.18     Production Lighting: 14x14-inch LED Light Panel                                                                                        3-105

3.3.19     Production Lighting: LED Circular Fresnel Spot Fixtures                                                                            3-106

3.3.20     48-inch Fluorescent Replacement Style LED Light Fixture                                                                        3-112

3.3.21     DIP T8 – Linear Tube Lamps With Plastic End-Caps                                                                                                 3-115

3.3.22     SMD T8 and T5 – LED Linear Tube Lamps With Plastic End-Caps                                                         3-116

3.3.23     DIP-Type LED Linear Tube Lamps with Plastic End-Caps                                                                        3-119

3.3.24     DIP-Type LED Linear Tube Lamps with Metal End-Caps                                                                           3-120

3.3.25     SMD-Type LED Linear Tube Lamps with Metal End-Caps                                                                         3-121

3.3.26     SMD-Type High-Output LED Linear Tube Lamps with Plastic End-Caps                                                               3-122

3.3.27     LED Lighting at Zürich’s Hardbrücke                                                                                                              3-131

3.3.28     LED Lamps Installed in Parking Lot                                                                                                                               3-132

3.3.29     LED Streetlights                                                                                                                                                  3-133

3.3.30     A19 Bulbs (Consumer-Level Bulb/LED LAMP)                                                                                             3-135

3.3.31     LED-Based PAR 30 Lamp                                                                                                                                                3-137

3.3.32     LED-Based PAR 30 Lamp                                                                                                                                                3-137

3.3.33     General Service LED-based Lamp (A-Style Bulb Category)                                                                       3-142

3.3.34     9W MR16 LED Replacement Lamp                                                                                                                                3-145

3.3.35     Complete Fixture and Replacement Bulb Streetlight (Lamp)                                                                    3-146

3.3.36     Samples of Lighting Fixture Types                                                                                                                  3-148

3.4.1       Microlens White LED Lightguides for LCD Display                                                                                      3-160

3.4.2       Diagram: Application Circuit for LED-TV Integrated Circuit Operation                                                      3-167

3.4.3       Global Forecast: HB-LED Driver ICs in TV, Desktop, and Monitor: Backlight, By Region ($Million)   3-169

3.5.1       Portable Device: LED-Backlit IPS Display                                                                                                      3-171

3.5.2       Projection LED in Surface Mount Technology (SMT)                                                                                    3-174

3.5.3       Tri-Mode Charge Pump Driver IC for White LED (WLED)                                                                           3-179

– List of Figures – Continued

3.5.4       RGB LED Driver IC/PCB Design for a Portable Projector                                                                           3-180

3.5.5       Global Forecast: HB-LED Driver ICs Portable/Small/Notebook/Other: Backlight, Region ($Million) 3-181

3.6.1       Sub SMT Full-Color Indoor LED Display                                                                                                        3-184

3.6.2       LED Display at the Olympics in Beijing                                                                                                          3-185

3.6.3       Indoor LED Sign [LED Sign Moving Message Display]                                                                               3-186

3.6.4       Outdoors High Brightness LED Display Board                                                                                             3-187

3.6.5       Transformable LED Display Screen                                                                                                                               3-188

3.6.6       Channel Lettering LED Back-Lit Signage                                                                                                      3-189

3.6.7       LED Back-Lit Signage                                                                                                                                        3-190

3.6.8       LED Displays for Airports                                                                                                                                  3-191

3.6.9       Outdoor Roadside Billboard LED Video Display                                                                                          3-193

3.6.10     USA Map/Location of their LED-based Digital Billboards                                                                           3-194

3.6.11     LED traffic Information Board: China                                                                                                               3-195

3.6.12     LED-Based Information Sign for Rapid Transit                                                                                            3-196

3.6.13     LED Flexible Displays: Curtain/Drapery Walls                                                                                              3-197

3.6.14     Illuminating Signs – LED Lighting Technology                                                                                             3-199

3.6.15     Neon Sign Technology and LED Channel Letters (Signage)                                                                    3-200

3.6.16     LED Tube Light for Backlighting Signs                                                                                                           3-201

3.6.17     LED Refrigerated Display Case                                                                                                                       3-204

3.6.18     Comparison Table: Highly-Reliable Dies versus Conventional                                                                                3-205

3.6.19     LED Numerical Displays                                                                                                                                   3-206

3.6.20     LED-Based Professional LCD Display                                                                                                          3-207

3.6.21     LED-Based Professional LCD Display                                                                                                          3-208

3.6.22     Global Forecast of HB-LED Driver ICs Used in Signage and Professional Displays By Region       3-209

3.7.1       Market Forecast of HB-LED Driver ICs in Stationary Signals/Traffic Signals, By Region ($Million)    3-210

3.7.2       LED Traffic Lighting Retrofit                                                                                                                              3-216

3.7.3       Snow Scoop Tunnel Visor for LED-Based Traffic Light                                                                               3-217

3.7.4       Obstruction Bulbs (Lamps) - Flashing - 138 red or amber LEDs                                                             3-218

3.8.1       Forecast HB-LED Driver ICs in Test/Medical/Science/Specialty Applications By Region ($Million)   3-229

3.8.2       UV LED-based Portable Fluorescent Forgery Detectors                                                                            3-244

3.8.3       Automated Flying-Insect Detection System (AFIDS)                                                                                    3-247

3.8.4       Non-invasively tracks the direction of a person’s gaze in real time                                                          3-249

3.8.5       FLIPPER - light-emitting diode excites fluorescence in the sample flow cell                                         3-254

3.8.6       Nano-sized "carbon dots" glow brightly when exposed to light                                                                 3-256

3.8.7       Variable wavelength HPLC/CE detector                                                                                                         3-265

3.8.8       Light doses range in LED Phototherapy                                                                                                        3-276

3.8.9       Therapeutic Visible Light Spectrum                                                                                                                                3-277

3.8.10     Skin Treatment Therapies Utilizing LED Photo-modulation, Typical LED Array (Red)                          3-279

3.8.11     Blue LED Arrays                                                                                                                                                  3-283

3.8.12     Apparatus Containing Arrays of LEDs                                                                                                            3-289

3.8.13     LEDs – Different Colors for Fluorescence Microscopy Applications                                                        3-302

3.8.14     (Theodolite) Ring Light                                                                                                                                      3-304

4.1          PCB Assembly                                                                                                                                                     4-23

4.2          LED Backlit Display                                                                                                                                            4-26

4.3          Rugged Touch Screen with NVIS Capability                                                                                                  4-42

4.4          LED Down light with 102 Lumens per Watt Fixture                                                                                      4-56

4.5          LED Lighting Military Solutions                                                                                                                         4-59

4.6          LED Lighting in Railway Station                                                                                                                       4-61

4.7          LED Technology Safelight Design                                                                                                                   4-73

4.8          LED Lighting (water flow stream)                                                                                                                    4-77

4.9          NVIS/LED Control Panel                                                                                                                                    4-81

4.10        Integrated Weapons Delivery System                                                                                                             4-82

4.11        Cockpit Modular Display/Panel                                                                                                                        4-91

4.12        Cockpit Large Area Display                                                                                                                               4-92

4.13        Traffic Lamp LED                                                                                                                                                                4-99

4.14        High Power LED Lamp                                                                                                                                      4-99

4.15        Surface Mount Type LED                                                                                                                                   4-100

– List of Figures – Continued

4.16        Surface Mount Type LED                                                                                                                                   4-104

4.17        Exterior Aircraft LED Lighting                                                                                                                            4-108

4.18        LED/CCD Barcode Readers                                                                                                                             4-121

4.19        Surface-Mount Multi-layer Ceramic Packages                                                                                              4-126

4.20        LED Linear Optical Array                                                                                                                                    4-132

4.21        Solid-State NVIS Lamps                                                                                                                                    4-144

4.22        LED Escalator Light                                                                                                                                            4-148

4.23        Nanostructures Designed for Different Color Emission                                                                                             4-152

4.24        LED Array Lighting – Lamp                                                                                                                               4-158

4.25        Light-Measurement Device                                                                                                                                               4-167

4.26        SSL LED: Replacement for Halogen Lamp in Spotlights                                                                           4-174

4.27        LED-Based Digital Billboard (Signage/Display)                                                                                           4-189

4.28        Diagram of Backlight LED Drivers                                                                                                                   4-192

4.29        Diagram of Multifunction Backlight LED Drivers                                                                                           4-193

4.30        Diagram of White Backlight LED Drivers                                                                                                        4-194

4.31        Diagram White Backlight LED Drivers                                                                                                            4-195

4.32        Rotary Wing Aircraft Cockpit Display                                                                                                               4-197

4.33        Ultra-Thin LED                                                                                                                                                     4-209

4.34        Quality Management System in LED Manufacturing                                                                                    4-212

4.35        Military and Harsh-Environment LEDs                                                                                                            4-232

4.36        LED-Based Marine Biology Lighting Device                                                                                                  4-237

5.1          Market Research & Forecasting Methodology                                                                                               5-3

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[1]  All values and prices in this report are at factory as-shipped levels, and are in current dollars, which include the effect of a forecasted 5 percent annual inflation rate over the forecast period.